Journal of Immunology Research

Review Article

State of the Art, Unresolved Issues, and Future Research Directions in the Fight against Hepatitis C Virus: Perspectives for Screening, Diagnostics of Resistances, and Immunization

Table 5

Natural prevalence of NS5B nucleotide and nonnucleoside inhibitor resistance-associated variants (RAVs) detected by population sequencing and mean fold change in resistance associated with RAVs.

Position

Variant

Resistant to

Natural prevalence in HCV genotype

Mean fold change in resistance compared to wild-type replicon

References

Sofosbuvir

Dasabuvir

S28

SOF

n.o.

n.d.

[87, 142, 176–180]

M289

I/L

SOF

n.o.

1.8%

3.5%

n.d.

[176]

C316

DSV

0.2–1.2%

n.o.

n.d.

1472 (GT 1a)
1569 (GT 1b)

[86, 87, 100, 165, 175]

C316

DSV/SOF

n.o.

10.9–35.6%

n.d.

7.9%

n.d.

[86, 87, 165, 181]

C316

DSV/SOF

n.o.

1.9–2.1%

n.d.

[86, 165]

L320

SOF

n.o.

n.d.

[176]

S368

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[86]

N411

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[86, 142]

M414

DSV

0.5%

0.4%

n.d.

32 (GT 1b)

[87, 100, 175, 182]

M414

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[87, 142]

E446

K/Q

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[165]

Y448

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[86, 87, 142]

Y448

DSV

0.2%

1.3%

n.d.

975 (GT 1a)

[87, 144]

A553

I/T/V

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[165]

G554

S/D

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[86, 87, 142]

S556

DSV

0.6–3.1%

7.0–16%

100%

97%

n.d.

30 (GT 1a)
11 (GT 1b)

[86, 163, 181, 182]

S556

N/R

DSV

0.6–1.2%

n.o.

n.d.

[86, 87, 182]

G558

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[165]

D559

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[86, 87, 142]

Y561

DSV

n.o.

n.d.

[165]

SOF: sofosbuvir; DSV: dasabuvir.
n.o.: not observed.
n.d.: no data available.
GT: genotype.