Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis

Table 2

Summary of NKT cells on parasite infections.

Parasites	Host	Model or treatment	Effect-mechanism	NKT overall function	Ref.
Schistosoma mansoni	C57BL/6	CD1 KO	IL-4 ↑; IFN- ↑	Activated	[22, 23]
Schistosoma japonicum	C57BL/6	WT	IL-4 ↑; IL-17 ↑	Activated	[24]
Brugia pahangi	C57BL/6	WT	IL-4 ↑	Activated	[25]
Trichuris muris	B10.BR	NKT deletion	IL-4~	Protective	[26]
Plasmodium yoelii	BALB/c; C57BL/6	CD1 KO	IFN- ↑	Protective	[27]
Leishmania donovani	patient		Non-iNKT; →IFN- ↑	Protective	[33]
Leishmania donovani	BALB/c; C57BL/6	Jα18 KO,; -GalCer	IL-4 ↑ and/or; IFN- ↑	Protective	[35–37]
Leishmania donovani	C57BL/6	-GalCer	IL-4 ↑	Pathogenic	[38]
Toxoplasma gondii	BALB/c; C57BL/6	CD1 KO,; -GalCer	IFN- ↑	Protective	[39, 40]
Trypanosoma congolense	BALB/c; C57BL/6	Anti-CD1d,; CD1 KO		Protective or suppressive	[42]
				No effect	[43]
Entamoeba histolytica	C57BL/6	J18 KO,; CD1 KO	IFN- ↑	Protective	[44, 45]

→: induce; ↑: increase; and ~: no change.