Immunomodulatory Effects Mediated by Dopamine

Table 3

The DRs effect on cytokine production.

Effect on cytokine production	Cellular types and stimuli	Receptors involved	References
IL-6; CCL2	HMDM + DA	D3R, D4R	[79]
IL-6; CCL2; CXCL8; IL10; TNF-	HMDM + DA + LPS	D3R, D4R	[79]
IFN-; IL-10; IL-4	Human activated T cells + quinpirole	D3R	[97]
IFN-; IL-10; IL-4	Human activated CD4 T cells + quinpirole	D3R	[97]
IFN-	Human activated CD8 T cells + quinpirole	D3R	[97]
IFN-	Rats T cells + L-DOPA + carbidopa	D3R	[97]
IL-12; IL-23	D5RKO mice, mature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells + LPS	D5R absence	[75]
IFN-; IL-2; IL-4	Anti-CD3-stimulated human T cells + DA; Anti-CD3-stimulated human T cells + SCH-23390; Anti-CD3-stimulated human T cells + clozapine	Not measured; D1R/D5R; D4R	[89]
IL-10; TGF-β	Human CD4^+ CD25^+ regulatory T cells: (a) + reserpine + L-741626; (b) + reserpine + U-99194A; (c) + reserpine + L-741741	(a) D2R, D3R, D4R; (b) D3R; (c) D4R	[83]
IL-2; IFN-; IL-6; IL-2; IFN-; IL-6	Mouse activated lymphocytes + L-DOPA; Mouse activated lymphocytes + L-DOPA; Mouse activated lymphocytes + L-DOPA; Mouse activated lymphocytes + DA; Mouse activated lymphocytes + DA; Mouse activated lymphocytes + DA	Not measured	[122]
IL-4; IL-5	Naive CD4^+ T cells + DA	D1R/D5R	[123]
IFN-	Human resting NK cells + DA	D5R	[92]
IFN-; IFN-	Human rIL-2 activated NK cells + DA; Human rIL-2 activated NK cells + SKF-38393	D5R; D5R	[92]
IL-17; IFN-; IL-17; IFN-	Immature human Mo-Dc + L75066; Immature human Mo-Dc + L75066; Immature human Mo-Dc + SHC23390; Immature human Mo-Dc + SHC23390	D2-like; D2-like; D1R/D5R; D1R/D5R	[124]
IL-10; TNF-	T cells + DA; T cells + DA	D2R, D1-like; D3R, D1-like	[90]
IL-2	Anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated T lymphocytes + PD168,077	D4R	[100]
IL-2; IL-10	Anti-CD3/CD28 activated Treg lymphocytes + DA; Anti-CD3 + IL-2 activated Treg lymphocytes + DA	Not measured	[84]
IL-2	Anti-CD3/CD28 activated T lymphocytes CD8^+ + DA	Not measured	[98]
IFN-; IL4-	Lymphocytes + DA	Not measured	[20, 125]
IFN-; IFN-; IL-4-	T cell (mesenteric lymph nodes) + ConA + SKF38393; T cell (mesenteric lymph nodes) + ConA + quinpirole; T cell (mesenteric lymph nodes) + ConA + quinpirole	D1-like; D2-like; D2-like	[87]
TNF-; IL-10; IFN-; IL-10; IgG	Macrophages DAT mice + LPS; Macrophages DAT mice + LPS; Splenocytes DAT mice activated; Splenocytes DAT mice activated; Serum DAT mice	DAT absence	[126]

Expression.
Protein.
D3R and D4R were only detected by western blot.