| | Type of TLR | Cellular location | Exogenous ligands (PAMP) | Endogenous ligands (DAMP) | Signal adaptor |
| | TLR1 (in association with TLR2) | Cell surface | Bacteria: triacyl lipopeptides | Unknown | MyD88 | | TLR2 (in association with TLR1 or TLR6) | Cell surface | Bacteria: peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, lipoarabinomannan, glycophosphatidylinositol anchors, porin; fungi: zymosan | HSP60, HSP70, Gp96
biglycan, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan, HMGB1, versican, monosodium urate crystal | MyD88/TIRAP | | TLR6 (in association with TLR2) | Cell surface | Mycoplasma: macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 | Versican | MyD88 | | TLR3 | Endosomal
compartment | Viruses: dsRNA | mRNA | TRIF | | TLR4 | Cell surface | Bacteria: LPS
Viruses: RSV fusion protein
Fungi: mannan
Protozoa: glycoinositolphospholipids | HSP22, HSP 60, HSP70, HSP72, Gp96, HMGB1, S100, oxidized phospholipids, heparin sulfate, fibrinogen, fibronectin, tenascin-C, b-defensin 2, versican, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan | MyD88/TIRAP/
TRAM/TRIF | | TLR5 | Cell surface | Bacteria: flagellin | Unknown | MyD88 | | TLR7 | Endosomal
compartment | Viruses: ssRNA | ssRNA (immune complex) | MyD88 | | TLR8 | Endosomal
compartment | Viruses: ssRNA | ssRNA (immune complex) | MyD88 | | TLR9 | Endosomal
compartment | Bacteria: CpG DNA
Viruses: CpG DNA
Protozoa: CpG DNA,
haemozoin | Chromatin IgG complex, HMGB | MyD88 |
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