(i) Modified multiple platform method [7] (ii) Rotating bar at the bottom of the house-cage [8]
(i) 20 h of SD plus 4 h of daily sleep recovery (ii) 18 h of SD plus 6 h of daily sleep recovery
Sleep fragmentation (SF)
(i) Obstructive apnoea patients [117] (ii) The elderly [117]
(i) Several days (ii) Several days
(i) Gentle manipulation coupled to EEG recording [119] (ii) Disk-over-water method [120]
(i) 1 to several days (ii) 1 to several days
Sleep deprivation consists of sleep loss without sleep opportunity along a short period; sleep restriction consists of a reduction in total sleep time with short periods of sleep opportunity; and sleep fragmentation consists of multiple awakenings during sleep time.