Immunomodulatory Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ on Dendritic Cells Promote Induction of T Cell Hyporesponsiveness to Myelin-Derived Antigens

Table 2

Immunophenotypic analysis of in vitro differentiated DC from healthy controls and MS patients upon stimulation with proinflammatory molecules.

(a) Healthy controls () cc-mDC

Marker	Type	Fold change (cc-mDC/iDC)	MFI ± SD	value	value
CD86	Conventional DC	1.95	504 ± 99	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.89	232 ± 96	< 0.05
CD83	Conventional DC	4.44	89 ± 16	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.64	36 ± 18	n.s.
CD80	Conventional DC	3.21	61 ± 14	< 0.05	n.s.
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	2.03	33 ± 11	n.s.
HLA-DR	Conventional DC	1.36	153 ± 46	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.43	86 ± 33	n.s.

(b) MS patients () cc-mDC

Marker	Type	Fold change (cc-mDC/iDC)	MFI ± SD	value	value
CD86	Conventional DC	2.63	372 ± 90	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	2.35	194 ± 77	< 0.05
CD83	Conventional DC	2.30	59 ± 16	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.17	31 ± 9	n.s.
CD80	Conventional DC	2.42	41 ± 14	n.s.	n.s.
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.76	24 ± 8	n.s.
HLA-DR	Conventional DC	1.81	258 ± 61	< 0.05	< 0.05
	1,25(OH)2D3 DC	1.56	117 ± 59	n.s.

CD14+ monocytes were cultured for 6 days in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF or in the presence of IL-4, GM-CSF, and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ to obtain conventional iDC or 1,25(OH)₂D₃-treated iDC, respectively. On day 6, DC were stimulated with a cocktail of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., cc-matured DC (cc-mDC)) or left untreated (i.e., iDC). The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, of maturation marker, CD83, and of HLA-DR by various DC subsets of healthy controls (a) () and MS patients (b) () was evaluated. Results are expressed as fold change, calculated as the ratio between the MFI value of cc-mDC to the MFI value of iDC.
The values indicated are calculated for cc-mDC versus iDC.
The values indicated are calculated for conventional cc-mDC versus cytokine cocktail-matured 1,25(OH)₂D₃-treated DC.
MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; cc-mDC, cytokine cocktail-matured DC; iDC, immature DC; and n.s., nonsignificant.