Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases: A View on Human Studies

Table 1

Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on dendritic cells.

Immunosuppressive drug	Effect on DCs	Reference
Anti-thymocyte globulin	(i) Binding of immature and mature DC subsets with the following induction of complement-mediated DC lysis	Monti et al., 2003 [80]
Cyclosporine A	(i) Interference with DC recirculation through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition or prostaglandin E2 uncoupling with CCR7	Luft et al., 2002 [81]; Scandella et al., 2004 [82]
	(ii) Inhibition of DC migration by competitive inhibition of the lipid transporters MDR1 and MRP1	Randolph, 2001 [83]
	(iii) Inhibition of NFB production in DCs	Szabo et al., 2001 [84]
Sirolimus	(i) Inhibition of mDCs’ IL-12 signaling	Chiang et al., 2004 [85]
Tacrolimus	(i) Suppression of DC allocostimulatory capacity by decreasing TNF- and IL-12 secretion	Lagaraine and Lebranchu, 2003 [86]
	(ii) Inhibition of NFB production in DCs	Szabo et al., 2001 [84]
Mycophenolate mofetil	(i) Suppression of DC allocostimulatory capacity by decreasing TNF- and IL-12 secretion	Lagaraine and Lebranchu, 2003 [86]
Prednisone/Dexamethasone	(i) Reduction of circulating pDC numbers	Moser et al., 1995 [87]
	(ii) Induction of pDC apoptosis	Boor et al., 2006 [88]
	(iii) Inhibition of DC function in vivo	Shodell and Siegal, 2001 [89]
	(iv) Inhibition of DC migration by competitive inhibition of the lipid transporters MDR1 and MRP1	Randolph, 2001 [83]

CCR7: chemokine receptor 7; DC/DCs: dendritic cell/dendritic cells; IL-12: interleukin-12; MDR1: multidrug resistance 1; MRP1: multidrug resistance protein; NFB: nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer” of activated B-cells; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell; TNF-: tumor necrosis factor-.