Impact of Ivabradine on Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Heart Failure

Figure 2

Effect of ivabradine treatment on clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and immunological parameters in chronic heart failure (CHF) after 3 months (10 mg/d ivabradine) and 6 months (10–15 mg/d ivabradine). (a) Vital parameters and symptoms for CHF, (b) serological and echocardiographic parameters, (c) circulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and (d) inflammatory serological parameters in patients with CHF according to their ejection fraction. DCs = dendritic cells, hsCRP = high sensitive C-reactive protein, IL = interleukin, LVEDd = left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, NYHA = New York Heart Association functional class, RR sys/dia = systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and TNF-alpha = tumor necrosis factor alpha. NS = not significant.

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