Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers
Table 1
Clinical data on the pregnant women with different glycemic status (ND: nondiabetic, MGH: mild gestational hyperglycemia, GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus, and DM-2: type 2 diabetes mellitus) and their newborns.
Parameters
ND (N = 15)
MGH ()
GDM ()
DM-2 ()
Mothers
Age (years)
26.35 ± 4.20
27.63 ± 6.93
29.55 ± 6.55
32.55 ± 5.94
Gestational age (weeks)
39.17 ± 0.471
38.55 ± 1.39
38.12 ± 0.39
37.23 ± 1.29
Weight gain
13.02 ± 7.25
9.45 ± 4.78
11.31 ± 3.75
10.31 ± 6.75
BMI-1
27.52 ± 6.17
28.54 ± 7.05
28.66 ± 4.60
31.66 ± 6.96
BMI-2
31.13 ± 7.67
31.88 ± 6.50
32.89 ± 6.33
34.09 ± 9.93
Glucose level (mg/dL)
81.96 ± 9.60
93.73 ± 7.20
104.20 ± 15.87
105.30 ± 15.87
HbA1c (%)
5.07 ± 0.46
5.12 ± 0.44
5.79 ± 0.89
5.72 ± 0.44
Newborn
Glucose (mg/dL)
77.71 ± 10.92
73.83 ± 15.08
59.04 ± 13.01
63.12 ± 16.11
Bilirubin
1.71 ± 0.48
1.74 ± 0.59
1.76 ± 0.80
1.82 ± 1.16
Insulin
>2
6.77 ± 2.77
6.65 ± 2.07
7.39 ± 5.7
Ponderal index
0.028 ± 0.002
0.028 ± 0.002
0.028 ± 0.003
0.028 ± 0.002
Placental index
0.168 ± 0.037
0.183 ± 0.0451
0.177 ± 0.03
0.187 ± 0.03
Birth weight and gestational age (%)
SGA
14.28
8.00
7.50
9.20
AGA
78.57
60.00
79.00
76.92
LGA
7.15
32.00
13.50
13.88
Note: HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BMI-1 and BMI-2: body mass index in the first and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively. Data correspond to the median of 55 mothers and newborns. The ponderal index of a newborn is the cube root of body weight × 100 divided by height in centimeters; the placental index is the ratio of placental weight to fetal weight. SGA: small for gestational age; AGA: adequate for gestational age, and LGA: large for gestational age. Statistical difference between ND and the other groups.
