Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers
Table 4
Placental villous/extravillous cytokine ratio in groups without diabetes (ND) or with mild hyperglycemia (MGH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
Placental cytokines
Villous layer/extravillous layer ratio
ND ()
MGH ()
GDM ()
DM-2 ()
IL-1β
0.68 ± 0.23
1.04 ± 0.21
1.05 ± 0.18
0.79 ± 0.15
IL-2
0.94 ± 0.07
0.86 ± 0.17
1.00 ± 0.28
1.02 ± 0.34
IL-4
2.13 ± 1.09
0.45 ± 0.29
1.27 ± 0.38
0.70 ± 0.23
IL-6
1.13 ± 0.42
0.68 ± 0. 15
0.45 ± 0.08
1.02 ± 0.22
IL-8
0.75 ± 0.41
0.92 ± 0.20
0.25 ± 0.08
3.60 ± 1.90
IL-10
1.33 ± 0.58
0.52 ± 0.21
0.90 ± 0.35
0.75 ± 0.44
IL-12
1.36 ± 0.75
1.41 ± 0.95
1.40 ± 1.14
0.80 ± 0.33
IL-17
1.11 ± 0.49
1.33 ± 0.56
0.98 ± 0.20
1.50 ± 0.64
TNF-α
0.84 ± 0.13
0.83 ± 0.27
0.36 ± 0.10
1.50 ± 0.64
IFN-γ
0.80 ± 0.09
1.23 ± 0.74
0.64 ± 0.20
1.25 ± 0.28
Note: results are expressed as the mean of samples of placental tissue. Statistical difference between ND and the other groups.
