Crosstalk between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Other Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Table 1
Involvement of ILC in different types of tumors. The three different ILC groups have been linked and have been shown to be associated with pro- or antitumor activities in diverse types of tumors. The mechanisms involved include secretion of cytokines and induction of changes in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to control of tumor growth or tumor progression and escape. For details, see main text.
ILC group
Tumor type
Effect
Mechanism
ILC1
Intestinal tumors
Antitumor
Secretion of IFN-γ, activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, inhibition of macrophage differentiation, and tumor angiogenesis
ILC2
Melanoma
Antitumor
Secretion of IL-5 and recruitment of eosinophils
ILC2
Breast cancer
Protumor
TGF-β-mediated induction of MDSC and Treg
ILC2
Cholangiocarcinoma
Protumor
IL-13-mediated proliferation
ILC3
Colon cancer
Protumor
Induction of inflammation by secretion of IL-17 and IL-22
ILC3
Colon cancer
Protumor
IL-22-induced proliferation of tumor cells
ILC3
Melanoma
Antitumor
Increased expression of ICAM and VCAM in tumor vasculature allows CD4+ and CD8+ infiltration