Crosstalk between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Other Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Table 1

Involvement of ILC in different types of tumors. The three different ILC groups have been linked and have been shown to be associated with pro- or antitumor activities in diverse types of tumors. The mechanisms involved include secretion of cytokines and induction of changes in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to control of tumor growth or tumor progression and escape. For details, see main text.

ILC group	Tumor type	Effect	Mechanism
ILC1	Intestinal tumors	Antitumor	Secretion of IFN-γ, activation of cytotoxic CD8^+ T cells, inhibition of macrophage differentiation, and tumor angiogenesis
ILC2	Melanoma	Antitumor	Secretion of IL-5 and recruitment of eosinophils
ILC2	Breast cancer	Protumor	TGF-β-mediated induction of MDSC and Treg
ILC2	Cholangiocarcinoma	Protumor	IL-13-mediated proliferation
ILC3	Colon cancer	Protumor	Induction of inflammation by secretion of IL-17 and IL-22
ILC3	Colon cancer	Protumor	IL-22-induced proliferation of tumor cells
ILC3	Melanoma	Antitumor	Increased expression of ICAM and VCAM in tumor vasculature allows CD4^+ and CD8^+ infiltration