|
Agent | Experimental model | Outcome/effect on resolution | References |
|
Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment |
|
AnxA1 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN capture, rolling, and adhesion ↓ PMN transmigration | [27, 48, 54, 55] |
Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vivo) | ↓ PMN rolling, adhesion, and emigration ↑ Detachment of adherent PMN | [27, 56] |
Human PMN | ↑ L-selectin shedding | [57, 58] |
IL-1β inflamed air pouch | ↓ PMN migration | [26, 59] |
Carrageenan-induced paw edema | ↓ edema ↓ leukocyte infiltration | [27] |
|
SAnxA1 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN capture, rolling, and adhesion | [27] |
Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vivo) | ↓ PMN rolling and adhesion | [27] |
fMLP induced skin edema | ↓ MPO activity | [27] |
Carrageenan-induced paw edema | ↓ edema ↓ leukocyte infiltration | [27] |
|
AnxA1 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN rolling and adhesion | [26] |
Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vivo) | ↓ PMN adhesion | [26] |
IL-1β inflamed air pouch | ↓ PMN recruitment | [26] |
|
Ac2–26 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN capture, rolling, and adhesion ↑ L-selectin shedding | [40, 54] |
Human PMN activated with CCL5 | ↓ β integrin activation | [40] |
Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vivo) | ↓ PMN adhesion and emigration ↑ detachment of adherent PMN | [56] |
|
Ac1–26 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN transmigration | [48] |
|
Ac9–25 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN adhesion and transmigration ↑ L-selectin shedding | [48] |
|
AF-2 | Neutrophil/endothelial interaction (in vitro) | ↓ PMN adhesion ↓ β2 integrin expression | [60, 61] |
|
Induction of neutrophil apoptosis |
|
AnxA1 | Human PMN | ↑ apoptosis (↓ pBAD) | [57] |
|
AnxA1 | Human neutrophils stimulated with SAA | ↑ apoptosis | [26] |
|
Ac2–26 | Human neutrophils stimulated with SAA | ↑ apoptosis (↑ caspase-3 cleavage; JNK dependent) | [47] |
Acute pleurisy | ↑ apoptosis (↑ Bax; ↑ caspase-3 cleavage; ↓ Mcl-1; ↓ NF-κB; ↓ pERK) | [11] |
Skin allograft model | ↑ skin allograft survival ↑ apoptosis ↓ neutrophil transmigration | [62] |
|
Enhancement of monocyte recruitment and efferocytosis |
|
Ac2–7 | Transmigration assay (in vitro) | Stimulating human monocyte chemotaxis | [63] |
|
AnxA1 | Chemotaxis assays | Human monocyte chemoattractant | [64] |
Administration to mouse peritoneum | ↑ monocyte recruitment | [64] |
Phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes | ↑ efferocytosis ↑ binding of apoptotic cells to MØ | [65, 66] |
|
Ac2–26 | Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils | ↑ phagocytosis Inducing actin reorganization ↑ TGF-β release ↓ IL-8 release | [67] |
|
AnxA1 | Zymosan-induced peritonitis | ↑ efferocytosis | [26] |
|
Macrophage reprogramming |
|
AnxA1 | Human MØ cell line | Induced M2-like polarization | [44] |
Human monocytes | ↑ IL-10 | [47] |
LPS stimulated THP-1 MØ | ↓ IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β | [66] |
MØ from NASH livers | ↓ M1 polarization (↓ iNOS, IL-12p40) ↑ IL-10 | [68] |
Intraperitoneal injection | ↑ IL-10 | [47] |
Phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons by microglial cells | ↓ phagocytosis of healthy cells ↓ NO production | [69] |
|
Ac2–26 | Endotoxin-challenged monocytes | ↓ IL-6 signalling ↓ TNF-α release | [70] |
|