Upregulation of Soluble HLA-G in Chronic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population (LVSD, EF ≤ 40%) compared to the control group (EF > 40%).

Characteristics	Ejection fraction ≤ 40%		Ejection fraction > 40%		All together
	LVSD: yes		LVSD: no		Number of individuals (n = 260)	Percentage
	Number of individuals (n = 61)	Percentage	Number of individuals (n = 199)	Percentage
Age (years)	81		80		80 (75–92)
Gender
Females	14	23	119	60	134	52
Males	47	77	80	40	126	48
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^2)	26.1		25.4		25.6
Smoking
Present	8	13	18	9	26	10
Ex-smoker	35	57	95	48	130	50
Never smoker	18	30	86	43	104	40
History
Angina pectoris	25	41	52	26	77	30
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)	31	51	24	12	55	21
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)	12	20	27	14	39	15
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)	15	25	15	8	30	12
Dilated cardiomyopathy	10	16	5	3	15	6
Valvular disorder	17	29	12	6	29	11
Valvular substitution	6	10	4	2	10	4
Arrhythmias	45	74	47	24	92	35
Atrial fibrillation P-P-P	38	62	37	19	75	29
Pacemaker	25	41	4	2	29	11
Hypertension	41	67	132	66	173	67
Diabetes mellitus	15	25	22	11	37	14
Hypercholesterolaemia	41	67	103	52	144	55
Thyroidal disease	6	10	25	13	31	12
Cerebrovascular disease	14	23	29	15	43	17
Peripheral arterial disease	10	16	13	7	23	9
Lung disease	27	44	40	20	67	26
Gastrointestinal disorder	33	54	91	46	124	48
Renal disorder (moderate-severe)	10	16	11	6	21	8
Musculoskeletal disease	41	67	119	60	160	62
Autoimmune disease	4	7	16	8	20	8
Anemia	10	16	11	6	21	8
Cancer	14	23	54	27	68	26
Charlson comorbidity index	3.7		1.5		2.0
Corrected for age	7.3		4.9		5.5
QRS-duration	138		94		104
Medical treatment
Thrombocyte inhibitor	36	59	82	41	118	45
AK	23	38	30	15	53	20
Statin	35	57	74	37	109	42
Diuretics	46	75	74	37	120	46
Diuretics (Centyl)	10		49
Diuretics (Furosemide)	32		23
Aldosterone-antagonist	18	30	8	4	26	10
ACE-inhibitor	34	56	42	21	76	29
ATII	14	23	32	16	46	18
Beta-blockers	49	80	61	31	110	42
Clinical chemistry	Mean		Mean		Mean
Hemoglobin (mmol/L)	8.1		8.2		8.2
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.0		3.8		3.9
Sodium (mmol/L)	139		139		139
Creatinine (µmol/L)	116		84		92
GFR	55		69		66
C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L)	5.0		4.5		4.6
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (mU/L)	1.3		1.6		1.5
Albumin (g/L)	39		41		41
Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (U/L)	20		21		21
Uric acid (mmol/L)	0.49		0.35		0.38
Glucose (mmol/L)	6.6		5.9		6.1
NT-proBNP (pmol/L)	268		50		101
Soluble HLA-G (U/mL)	71 (12–1144) (median, range)		52 (4–960) (median, range)		61 (4–1144) (median, range)