Journal of Immunology Research

Review Article

New Mechanisms of Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Promoting Tumor Progression: Recent Research Advances and Potential Targets for Tumor Immunotherapy

Table 1

TAMs associated with poor prognosis.


Cancer	IHC marker	Prognostic outcome	Ref.

Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer	Intratumoral TAMs	Poor DFS	[25]
Triple-negative breast cancer	CD68⁺ TAMs	Poor OS and DFS	[26]
Gastric cancer	CD204⁺ TAMs combined with Osteopontin (OPN)	Poor 5-year OS	[27]
Lung cancer induced malignant pleural effusion (MPE)	CD163⁺ TAMs in MPE	Poor progression-free survival	[28]
Non-small cell lung cancer	TAMs combined with OPN	Lower DFS and OS	[29]
Non-small cell lung cancer	TAMs combined with IL-6, CSF-1	Lower 5-year survival rate	[9]
Esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy	CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ TAMs	Tumor depth, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and poor response to chemotherapy	[6]
Oral squamous cell carcinoma	CD68⁺ TAMs or combined with ALDH1, CD44, SOX2, IL-10	High tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, shorter OS and DFS, and poor clinical stage	[30–32]
Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs)	CD68⁺ TAMs combined with Ki-67 index	High risk of recurrence	[33]
Glioma	CD206⁺ TAMs	Lower PFS and OS	[34]
Colorectal cancer	CD40⁺ TAMs or combined with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor	Lower OS, lymph node, and distant metastasis	[35, 36]
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	CD204⁺ TAMs combined with CD44/CD133	Lower PFS and OS	[37]
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer	CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ TAMs	Poor PFS and OS	[38]
Bladder carcinoma	CD68⁺ TAMs	Poor recurrence-free survival	[39]
Triple-negative endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma	CD68⁺ TAMs combined with overexpression of EGFR	Poor OS	[40]
Prostate cancer	CD68⁺ TAMs	Poorly differentiated disease but no association with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy	[41]
Prostate cancer	CD68⁺ TAMs	Poor OS	[42]
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma	CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ TAMs	High risk of treatment failure with ABVD chemotherapy	[43]
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)	CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ TAMs	Inferior PFS but no association with OS	[44]
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma	CD68⁺ TAMs combined with VEGF	Poor OS	[45]
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	CD68⁺ TAMs	Poor treatment outcome and poor median survival time	[46]

PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease-free survival, and OS: overall survival.