Renal Transplant Patients Biopsied for Cause and Tested for C4d, DSA, and IgG Subclasses and C1q: Which Humoral Markers Improve Diagnosis and Outcomes?

Table 1

Patient demographics.

	C4d diffusely positive ()	C4d focally positive ()	C4d negative ()	value
Age
At biopsy [yr.]				0.343
At transplantation [yr.]				0.356
Female sex [%]	7 (30.4)	8 (32.0)	8 (32.0)	0.938
Race or ethnic group [%]				0.104
White Hispanic	15 (65.2)	11 (44.0)	16 (64.0)
Asian	2 (8.7)	4 (16.0)	2 (8.0)
Black non-Hispanic	4 (17.4)	1 (4.0)	1 (4.0)
Mixed	0 (0.0)	4 (16.0)	0 (0.0)
White non-Hispanic	3 (13.0)	2 (8.0)	5 (20.0)
White unknown	0 (0.0)	1 (4.0)	0 (0.0)
Native American	0 (0.0)	1 (4.0)	0 (0.0)
Previous Transplantation [%]	7 (30.4)	2 (8.0)	4 (16.0)	0.168
Simultaneous kidney pancreas [%]	1 (4.3)	3 (12.0)	1 (4.0)	0.423
Deceased donor [%]	15 (65.2)	20 (80.0)	19 (76.0)	0.211
Cause of ESRD [%]				0.868
Diabetes	4 (17.4)	4 (16.0)	7 (28.0)
Hypertension	8 (34.8)	7 (28.0)	7 (28.0)
Miscellaneous	9 (39.1)	10 (40.0)	9 (36.0)
Unknown	3 (13.0)	3 (12.0)	1 (4.0)
Allograft year at Bx [yr.]				0.138
Allograft loss [%]	9 (39.1)	16 (64.0)	7 (28.0)	0.023
Graft year at loss [yr.]				0.61