Saliva-Derived Host Defense Peptides Histatin1 and LL-37 Increase Secretion of Antimicrobial Skin and Oral Mucosa Chemokine CCL20 in an IL-1α-Independent Manner

Figure 2

CCL20 secretion after Hst1 and LL-37 exposure. Skin or gingiva cells were exposed to either Hst1 or LL-37 for 24 hours, and CCL20 secretion was assessed by ELISA. (a) Keratinocyte monoculture, (b) fibroblast monoculture, and (c) keratinocyte-fibroblast coculture. (d) Keratinocyte-fibroblast coculture exposed to Hst1 and LL-37, together with either neutralizing antibodies to IL-1α (white bars) or isotype control (black bars). Each bar represents the mean ± standard error mean of 3 independent experiments each performed in duplicate, except that in (c) (). , , and .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)