Immunomodulatory Effects of Taiwanese Neolitsea Species on Th1 and Th2 Functionality

Figure 2

The effects of Taiwanese Neolitsea plants on Th1/Th2 cytokine production. Splenocytes (5 × 10⁶) were treated with vehicle control (VH, 0.05% DMSO) and/or various crude extracts of Neolitsea plants (10 μg/mL) followed by ConA stimulation for 48 h. The supernatants were collected for measuring the concentration of cytokines by ELISA. The cytokine level of the VH-treated group was shown as 100%. L, S, and R were represented as leaf, stem, and root parts of different plants. The effects of N. aciculata, N. aciculata var. variabillima, N. acuminatissima, N. buisanensis, N. daibuensis, N. hiiranensis, N. konishii, N. parvigemma, N. sericea var. aurata, and N. villosa on (a) IFN-γ and (b) IL-4 were shown from top to bottom, respectively. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE of triplicated cultures. Results were pooled from three independent experiments. , compared to the VH group.

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(b)