Immunomodulatory Effects of Taiwanese Neolitsea Species on Th1 and Th2 Functionality
Table 2
The effects of N. species leaf extracts on Th1/Th2 cytokine production by ConA-stimulated splenocytes.
Plants
Concentration
Cell viability
Th1 cytokines
Th2 cytokines
(μg/mL)
MTT (O.D.)
IL-2 (ng/mL)
IFN-γ (ng/mL)
IL-4 (pg/mL)
Control
0.17 ± 0.01
0.06 ± 0.04
Not detectable
Not detectable
N. aciculata
VH
0.52 ± 0.05
7.61 ± 0.42
119.30 ± 6.28
173.70 ± 8.07
5
0.57 ± 0.04
7.23 ± 0.47
116.40 ± 0.91
174.10 ± 9.39
10
0.59 ± 0.04
6.93 ± 0.39
121.30 ± 6.50
167.40 ± 8.63
25
0.52 ± 0.04
6.40 ± 0.40
60.71 ± 6.23
195.50 ± 19.73
50
0.41 ± 0.05
5.42 ± 0.27
42.15 ± 1.55
210.80 ± 16.73
N. aciculata var. variabillima
VH
0.39 ± 0.02
10.86 ± 0.90
91.71 ± 2.51
222.00 ± 33.97
5
0.44 ± 0.02
10.34 ± 0.95
74.44 ± 6.36
246.20 ± 19.19
10
0.40 ± 0.03
9.74 ± 0.86
62.35 ± 6.32
208.40 ± 19.92
25
0.34 ± 0.01
7.45 ± 0.35
43.94 ± 3.21
161.80 ± 17.45
50
0.27 ± 0.03
3.44 ± 0.52
10.58 ± 3.38
74.62 ± 9.46
N. acuminatissima
VH
0.64 ± 0.03
15.53 ± 0.30
98.21 ± 2.68
50.87 ± 4.75
5
0.67 ± 0.03
15.31 ± 0.35
90.15 ± 2.80
40.28 ± 1.20
10
0.67 ± 0.03
14.46 ± 0.54
41.33 ± 1.52
28.12 ± 2.90
25
0.71 ± 0.02
11.80 ± 1.17
39.61 ± 3.91
19.61 ± 4.20
50
0.62 ± 0.02
9.08 ± 1.75
22.45 ± 0.44
12.63 ± 1.98
N. buisanensis
VH
0.67 ± 0.02
19.22 ± 0.88
444.20 ± 10.79
44.90 ± 1.89
5
0.67 ± 0.03
21.74 ± 2.60
407.70 ± 23.01
55.90 ± 9.88
10
0.65 ± 0.02
21.05 ± 2.20
394.70 ± 16.88
21.40 ± 2.00
25
0.64 ± 0.03
20.88 ± 2.55
339.70 ± 27.08
21.20 ± 6.40
50
0.64 ± 0.02
18.87 ± 2.68
294.00 ± 5.38
11.40 ± 3.16
N. daibuensis
VH
0.60 ± 0.02
8.60 ± 0.18
157.30 ± 10.25
92.32 ± 5.13
5
0.63 ± 0.01
8.20 ± 0.23
179.20 ± 7.68
83.36 ± 3.57
10
0.66 ± 0.02
8.02 ± 0.15
164.90 ± 5.46
64.89 ± 3.33
25
0.66 ± 0.01
7.94 ± 0.09
151.60 ± 6.44
61.88 ± 4.07
50
0.52 ± 0.03
8.08 ± 0.23
123.90 ± 5.13
46.47 ± 2.46
N. hiiranensis
VH
0.72 ± 0.01
10.60 ± 0.24
110.20 ± 2.97
112.00 ± 3.91
5
0.72 ± 0.01
12.09 ± 0.36
103.50 ± 8.71
93.28 ± 2.90
10
0.72 ± 0.01
12.09 ± 0.16
84.78 ± 7.32
87.92 ± 5.67
25
0.75 ± 0.01
11.95 ± 0.57
80.71 ± 6.52
83.18 ± 4.46
50
0.80 ± 0.03
9.80 ± 0.19
59.68 ± 11.64
60.32 ± 4.95
N. konishii
VH
0.72 ± 0.00
17.07 ± 0.32
94.47 ± 5.90
127.90 ± 8.11
5
0.74 ± 0.01
14.99 ± 0.43
56.30 ± 7.77
132.50 ± 9.40
10
0.74 ± 0.03
14.10 ± 0.60
42.55 ± 3.01
114.60 ± 5.03
25
0.67 ± 0.01
12.19 ± 0.33
38.55 ± 4.37
120.70 ± 2.99
50
0.35 ± 0.01
10.39 ± 0.38
27.30 ± 3.88
116.80 ± 5.19
N. parvigemma
VH
0.35 ± 0.02
9.30 ± 1.18
196.70 ± 14.12
243.80 ± 8.27
5
0.32 ± 0.03
8.42 ± 0.25
178.40 ± 15.70
218.90 ± 7.82
10
0.33 ± 0.01
8.29 ± 0.23
146.50 ± 4.94
189.70 ± 3.67
25
0.30 ± 0.02
8.35 ± 0.26
140.60 ± 9.96
172.40 ± 4.48
50
0.30 ± 0.02
8.35 ± 0.15
119.60 ± 5.20
157.00 ± 4.89
N. sericea var. aurata
VH
0.65 ± 0.03
21.21 ± 1.22
393.30 ± 16.52
147.80 ± 11.74
5
0.66 ± 0.02
22.86 ± 0.43
314.30 ± 12.97
109.50 ± 3.70
10
0.67 ± 0.02
23.98 ± 2.31
307.50 ± 11.61
87.00 ± 4.91
25
0.67 ± 0.01
21.76 ± 0.95
215.60 ± 16.29
72.83 ± 3.16
50
0.61 ± 0.07
20.26 ± 0.33
199.80 ± 26.79
69.50 ± 4.17
N. villosa
VH
0.47 ± 0.03
7.95 ± 0.54
87.60 ± 4.38
78.08 ± 2.72
5
0.42 ± 0.01
8.28 ± 0.11
77.24 ± 7.08
81.61 ± 3.81
10
0.44 ± 0.01
8.21 ± 0.65
61.96 ± 1.89
95.23 ± 2.68
25
0.52 ± 0.02
8.21 ± 0.44
50.67 ± 8.33
90.93 ± 2.91
50
0.55 ± 0.02
7.54 ± 0.28
29.95 ± 4.15
73.51 ± 3.18
Data were expressed as the mean ± SE of quadruplicate cultures. Results were representative of four independent experiments. was significant compared to the VH group.
