Dendritic Cells in Sepsis: Pathological Alterations and Therapeutic Implications

Table 1

DC subsets and their basic functions in mice.

Subsets	Sites	Transcriptional factors	Phenotypic markers	TLR expressions	Functions
cDC	Lymphoid organ	Irf4, Rbpj, Batf3, Irf8	CD11b, CD11c, CD172a, CD103, CD8α, XCR1, Clec9a	TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9	Antigen presentation, induction of antitumor responses, induction of Th2 T cell responses, migration, antigen cross presentation
pDC	Most organs	Tcf-4	CD11c, B220, Ly6C, Siglec-H	TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9	Antigen presentation, type I IFN production, tumor killing
moDC	Most organs	Unknown	CD11b, F4/80, Ly6c, CD206, CD64, MHC II, Mac-3/CD107b FcεRI, CD115/GM-CSFR	TLR2, 3, 4, 7, 9	Antigen presentation, induction of antitumor responses, migration, production of TNF and NO, tumor rejection
LC	Skin	PU.1, ID2, Irf4, Irf8	CD36, CD1a, CD1c, CD207, HLA-DR, CD86	TLR1,3,6,7	Antigen presentation, radioresistance, adaptive immunity

cDC: classical DC; Irf4: interferon regulatory factor 4; Rbpj: recombination signal binding protein-J; Batf3: basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 3; IFN: interferon; Irf8: IFN regulatory factor 8; CD: cluster of differentiation; XCR1: X-C motif chemokine receptor 1; Clec9a: C-type lectin domain family 9, member A; TLR: Toll-like receptor; Th2: T helper type 2; pDC: plasmacytoid DC; Tcf-4: transcription factor 4; Siglec-H: sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-h; moDC: monocyte-derived DC; MHC II: major histocompatibility complex class II; FcεRI: high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor; GM-CSFR: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; NO: nitric oxide; LC: Langerhans cell; ID2: inhibitor of DNA binding 2; HLA-DR: human leukocyte antigen DR.