Local and Systemic CD4⁺ T Cell Exhaustion Reverses with Clinical Resolution of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Figure 5

CD4⁺ T cells from sarcoidosis progressors exhibit characteristics of exhaustion. (a, b, and c) Representative functional data for a single healthy control, sarcoidosis progressor, and sarcoidosis resolver. (a) Cytokine secretion; data have been normalized to the mean value for the healthy control cohort (hashed line). (b and c) Proliferation analysis. (a) Apoptosis analysis. (b and c) Percent PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells; overlay of naïve (CCR7⁺CD45RO⁻; shaded) CD4⁺ cells and total CD4⁺ T cells (unshaded). (d) Immune activity of sarcoidosis progressors () and resolvers () relative to healthy controls. High = activity greater than one standard deviation above the healthy control mean (yellow). Low = activity greater than one standard deviation below the healthy control mean (magenta). Normal = within one standard deviation of the healthy control mean (grey). White spaces indicate data not present due to lack of available cells.

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