Review Article
The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
Figure 1
Immune regulation of MS and malignant gliomas by CNS microglia and macrophages. (a) CNS microglia and macrophages (M1) activate autoreactive T cells and program encephalitogenic TH1 and TH17 cells to induce and exacerbate MS, while NK cells reduce numbers of M1 cells, and M2 cells recruit Treg, contributing to disease amelioration. Microglia also provide protective roles by helping remyelination and neurogenesis. (b) NK cells may prime M1 macrophage and microglia or reduce numbers of M2 cells to promote antitumor response. M2 cells are regulated by factors derived from glioma and further produce suppressive factors to intensify the immunosuppressive environment within the glioma, contributing to the tumor growth and invasiveness.
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