Dickkopf-1 Is a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Active Lupus Nephritis
Table 2
Association of the presence of laboratory parameters between active and inactive SLE, with and without renal involvement (mean ± SD).
Activity of SLE
Renal involvement of SLE
Active SLE ()
Inactive SLE ()
LN ()
Non-LN ()
CANCA (+) number (%)
0/20 (0)
0/91 (0)
NA
0/31 (0)
0/80 (0)
NA
ANA (+) number (%)
17/20 (85.0)
55/91 (86.0)
NA
28/31 (90.3)
44/80 (55.0)
NA
Anti-Rib-P (+) number (%)
2/20 (10.0)
COPD11/91 (12.1)
NA
4/31 (12.9)
9/80 (11.2)
NA
Anti-SSA Ab (+) number (%)
8/20 (40.0)
30/91 (33.0)
NA
15/31 (48.4)
23/80 (28.8)
NA
Anti-SSB Ab (+) number (%)
4/20 (20.0)
11/91 (12.1)
NA
6/31 (19.4)
9/80 (11.3)
NA
pANCA (+) number (%)
1/20 (5.0)
1/91 (1.1)
NA
0/31 (0)
2/80 (2.5)
NA
U1RNP (+) number (%)
9/20 (45.0)
18/91 (19.8)
NA
10/31 (32.3)
17/80 (21.2)
NA
Anti-Smith (+) number (%)
6/20 (30.0)
6/91 (7.0)
NA
4/31 (12.9)
8/80 (10.0)
NA
ACA (+) number (%)
15/20 (75.0)
30/91 (32.4)
NA
20/31 (64.5)
25/80 (31.3)
NA
C3 (µg/mL)
0.48 ± 0.18
0.60 ± 0.19
0.000
0.43 ± 0.18
0.58 ± 0.21
0.0067
C4 (µg/mL)
0.054 ± 0.023
0.57 ± 0.022
0.146
0.055 ± 0.021
0.088 ± 0.026
0.0913
Anti-dsNDA (IU/mL)
214.45 ± 103.76
90.30 ± 70.17
0.000
229.70 ± 111.05
156.91 ± 102.30
0.045
A SLEDAI score not less than 10 was defined as active SLE. Data represented the mean ± SD; variance was analyzed by independent-samples -test using GraphPad Prism5. Ab: antibody; ACL: anticardiolipin; ANA: antinuclear antibody; LN: lupus nephritis; pANCA: perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; Rib-P: ribosomal P-proteins; RNP: ribonucleoprotein; SSA: Sjogren’s syndrome A; and SSB: anti-Sjogren’s syndrome B.
