Research Article
Dickkopf-1 Is a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Active Lupus Nephritis
Table 4
Significant difference in levels of serum DKK-1 and anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, and C4 in patients with LN-SLE compared to non-LN-SLE individuals.
| | | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) |
| | DKK-1 (serum) | 24/31 (77.4) | 34/80 (42.5) | 24/70 (34.3) | 46/53 (86.8) | | Anti-dsDNA Ab | 25/31 (80.6) | 45/80 (62.5) | 25/60 (41.7) | 35/41 (85.4) | | Levels of C3 and C4 | 15/31 (48.4) | 40/80 (50.0) | 15/55 (27.3) | 40/56 (71.4) | | Anti-dsDNA Ab, levels of C3 and C4 | 13/31 (41.9) | 39/80 (48.8) | 13/54 (24.1) | 41/59 (69.5) | | DKK-1 (serum) and dsDNA | 12/31 (38.7) | 33/80 (41.2) | 12/59 (20.3) | 47/66 (66.7) | | DKK-1 (serum), levels of C3 and C4 | 11/31 (35.5) | 33/80 (41.3) | 11/58 (19.0) | 47/67 (70.1) | | DKK-1 (serum) and dsDNA, levels of C3 and C4 | 11/31 (35.5) | 32/80 (40.0) | 11/59 (18.6) | 48/68 (70.6) |
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