Natural Modulators of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Psoriatic Skin Inflammation

Table 1

Inhibitors for endosomal TLR-mediated inflammation.

Inhibitor	Natural/synthetic	Target and mechanism of action
IMO-3100	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
IMO-8400	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
IRS-954	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
DV117	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
INH-ODN-24888	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
CPG-52364	Synthetic	Antagonist of TLRs
Chloroquine	Synthetic (quinine derivative)	Inhibits endosomal acidification or sequester TLR ligands
Hydrochloroquin	Synthetic (quinine derivative)	Inhibits endosomal acidification or sequester TLR ligands
Quinacrine	Synthetic (quinine derivative)	Inhibits endosomal acidification or sequester TLR ligands
Bortezomib	Synthetic	Inhibits TLR trafficking
SM934	Synthetic	Promotes downregulation of TLRs
ST-2825	Synthetic	MyD88 inhibitor
AS-2444697	Synthetic	IRAK4 inhibitor
PF-05387252	Synthetic	IRAK4 inhibitor
PF-05388169	Synthetic	IRAK4 inhibitor
PF-06650833	Synthetic	IRAK4 inhibitor
ML120B	Synthetic	IKK2 inhibitor
PHA-408	Synthetic	IKK2 inhibitor
Mustard seed	Natural (mustard plant product)	Inhibit NF-κB activation and cytokine expression
Antrodia cinnamomea extract	Natural (A. cinnamomea product)	Inhibit cytokine expression
Curcumin	Natural (grapes product)	Inhibit NF-κB activation and cytokine expression
Resveratrol	Natural (grapes product)	Inhibit NF-κB activation and cytokine expression
Thiostrepton	Natural (Streptomyces product)	Inhibits endosomal acidification and proteasomal activity
Azithromycin	Natural (Streptomyces product)	Inhibits endosomal acidification and proteasomal activity
Andrographolide	Natural (A. paniculata product)	Promotes downregulation of myD88