Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Immune Responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lessons from Animal Models

Table 3

Natural mutant emphysema models.

Mouse and gene	Phenotypes	Reference
Beige (Bg)	Impaired alveolar septation because of its deficiency in endosome biogenesis	[51, 52]
Blotchy (Blo)	Disruption of elastic fibers	[53]
Pallid (Pa)	Progressive emphysema because of increased collagen degradation	[54]
Tight skin (Tsk +/−)	Airspace enlargement because of impaired alveolar septation. Mice also have lower; serum elastase inhibitory capacity	[55]