Review Article
Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Immune Responses of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Lessons from Animal Models
Table 5
Overexpression mutant emphysema models.
| | Mouse and gene | Phenotype | Reference |
| | Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) | Progressive airspace enlargement because of degradation of collagen type III | [75] | | Placenta growth factor (PLGF) | PLGF is an erythroblast-secreted factor. Airspace enlargement because of increased
alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis | [76, 77] | | Interleukin-13 (IL-13) | Increased MMP and cathepsin expression leading to emphysema | [78] | | Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) | Progressive emphysema and increased lung compliance. Increased expression of
MMPs, cathepsins, and caspases | [79, 80] | | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) | Nonprogressive emphysema after 1–3 months of life | [81] |
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