The Role of Costimulation Blockade in Solid Organ and Islet Xenotransplantation

Table 4

Selected studies using CTLA4-Ig in pig-to-nonhuman primate xenotransplantation.

First author (year)	Donor pig	Recipient NHP	Immunosuppressive regimen	Longest survival (days)
Heart xenotransplantation, heterotopic
Iwase (2015) [96]	GTKO.CD46.CD55	Baboon	ATG, anti-CD20mAb, abatacept, MMF, CS	23
Iwase (2015) [96]	GTKO.CD46.TBM	Baboon	ATG, belatacept, anti-CD40mAb, tacrolimus, MMF, CS	130
Liver xenotransplantation
Shah (2017) [24]	GTKO	Baboon	ATG, belatacept, tacrolimus, CVF, CS	25
Islet xenotransplantation
Cordona (2006) [108]	WT	Rhesus	Anti-CD25mAb, anti-CD154mAb, CTLA4-Ig	>260
Hecht (2009) [113]	Fetal pancreatic fragments	Cynomolgus	Anti-CD25mAb, anti-CD154mAb, FTY720, rapamycin, CTLA4-Ig	380
Thompson (2011) [21]	WT	Rhesus	Anti-CD25mAb, anti-CD40mAb, rapamycin, belatacept	203
Thompson (2011) [20]	GTKO	Rhesus	Anti-CD154mAb, anti-LFA1mAb, MMF, belatacept	249
Thompson (2012) [79]	WT	Rhesus	MMF, belatacept, alefacept, anti-LFA1mAb, tacrolimus	114
Graham (2013) [114]	WT	Cynomolgus	Anti-CD25mAb, abatacept, tacrolimus, rapamycin	>180

NHP: nonhuman primate; WT: wild-type; ATG: anti-thymocyte globulin; CVF: cobra venom factor; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; mAb: monoclonal antibody; CS: corticosteroids; GTKO: α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout; TBM: thrombomodulin.