The Expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in Respiratory Viral Infection in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 2

Type distribution of detected respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Types	Percentage ()
Influenza type A	10 (10%)
hMPV	6 (6%)
Rhinovirus	4 (4%)
Enterovirus	3 (3%)
Human parainfluenza type 3	2 (1%)
Coronavirus	1 (1%)
Influenza A + hMPV	2 (2%)
Rhinovirus + enterovirus	3 (3%)
Haemophilus influenzae	15 (15%)
Pseudomonas spp.	8 (8%)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	5 (5%)
Moraxella catarrhalis	4 (4%)
Staphylococcus aureus	4 (4%)
Other bacteria	3 (3%)
Rhinovirus + S. pneumoniae	6 (6%)
Rhinovirus + H. influenzae	5 (5%)
Rhinovirus + Pseudomonas spp.	3 (3%)
Adenovirus + S. pneumoniae	1 (1%)