Gene Expression Profiles of Human Phosphotyrosine Phosphatases Consequent to Th1 Polarisation and Effector Function

Table 2

PTP regulated during Th1 polarization. PTPs whose expression levels were regulated during Th1 polarization are shown. Changes in expression were determined as explained in materials and methods. Asterisks represent the result of the paired -test of DCt values obtained from the comparison of naïve and Th1 cells in 3 donors. (), (), or (). Absolute values in column 4 indicate the average change in the DCT, generated by subtracting the DCT value obtained for each condition (DCT_Th1 minus DCT_Naïve) in the 3 individual donors analysed, and obtaining the average. DUSP13 and DUSP21 were considered as repressed genes since their expressions were only detectable in naïve but not in Th1 cells. MTMR11 and CDC25C were considered as induced genes since their expression was detectable in Th1 but not in naïve cells.

Group	Phosphatase	Regulation during Th1 polarization	Average change in DCT/ value	Substrate	Regulation of T cell activation or polarisation/Involvement in autoimmunity
Classical	PTPRJ (CD148)	Upregulation	2.02/	SFK	Regulation of TCR signalling/Not reported [18, 19]
	PTPN6 (SHP1)	Upregulation	2.08/	SFK, ITAMs, ZAP70, SLP-76, Vav1	Regulation of TCR signalling/PS [28, 29]
	PTPN7 (HePTP)	Upregulation	1.54/	ERK1/2, p38	Regulation of TCR signalling/Not reported [30, 31]
	PTPN9 (PTP-MEG2)	Upregulation	2.45/	NSF	Regulation of cytokine secretion/Not reported [32, 33]
	PTPN13 (PTP-BL)	Upregulation	2.40/	STAT4, STAT6	Regulation of cytokine signalling/Not reported [35]
	PTPN18 (PTP20)	Upregulation	1.9/	HER2	Not reported/Not reported
MKPs and Atypical DSPs	DUSP1	Downregulation	3.07/	p38, JNK, ERK	T cell activation/Not reported [40]
	DUSP7	Upregulation	2.10/	ERK	Not reported/Not reported
	DUSP8	Downregulation	4.55/	JNK, p38	Not reported/Not reported
	DUSP13	Repression		JNK, p38	Not reported/Not reported
	DUSP16	Downregulation	1.20/	JNK, p38	Th1/Th2 balance/Not reported [41, 42]
	STYXL1	Upregulation	1.19/	Catalytically inactive	Not reported/Not reported
	DUSP21	Repression		Unknown	Not reported/Not reported
	DUSP22	Upregulation	2.10/	JNK, ERK2, Lck	Regulation of TCR signaling/EAE, SLE [43–45]
	DUSP23	Upregulation	1.57/	p38, JNK	Not reported/SLE [46]
Myotubularins	MTMR1	Upregulation	1.43/	PI(3)P, PI(3,5)P2	Not reported/Not reported
	MTMR2	Upregulation	2.61/	PI(3)P, PI(3,5)P2	Not reported/Not reported
	MTMR11	Induction		Catalytically inactive	Not reported/Not reported
SSHs, CDC14s and PTEN DSPs	SSH2	Downregulation	1.68/	Cofilin	Not reported/Not reported
	SSH3	Upregulation	2.63/	Cofilin	Not reported/Not reported
	TPTE2	Downregulation	1.96/	PIP	Not reported/Not reported
	CDKN3	Upregulation	5.81/	CDK2	Inhibition of cell cycle/Not reported [47]
Class III Cys-based PTPs	CDC25A	Upregulation	6.80/	CDKs	Promotion of cell cycle/Not reported [42]
	CDC25B	Upregulation	2.45/	CDKs	Not reported/Not reported
	CDC25C	Induction		CDKs	Not reported/Not reported

PS: psoriasis. EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.