How to Distinguish Patients with pSS among Individuals with Dryness without Invasive Diagnostic Studies

Table 3

Clinical features in pSS patients and in the control group.

Clinical presentation	Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (number of patients/%)	Control group (number of patients/%)
Arthralgia	48/70%	28/65%
Arthritis	20/30%	2/5%
Large salivary gland involvement	33/48%	4/9%
Raynaud’s syndrome	8/12%	2/5%
Bone marrow infiltration	1/1%	0
Alopecia	2/3%	0
Muscle soreness	9/13%	2/5%
Hearing loss	6/9%	3/7%
Abnormal chest HRCT	18/26%	Not performed
Gastrointestinal	7/10%	2/5%
Polyneuropathy	7/10%	1/2%
Peripheral lymphadenopathy	15/22%	0
UV-light photosensitivity	7/10%	0

Statistically significant. Bone marrow infiltration was defined as an abnormal percentage of plasmocytes on bone marrow biopsy (>3.5% plasmocytes). Gastrointestinal involvement included pancreatitis, enlarged lymph nodes on imaging, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, diarrhea (watery stools, >200 g/d, >3 stools daily), weight loss, and nonspecific abdominal pain. Insomnia: difficulty of falling asleep or early waking up lasting for more than 2 weeks; peripheral lymphadenopathy: swollen lymph nodes > 1 cm on physical examination except for inguinal lymph nodes, where the cut-off size is >2 cm.