Intermittent High Glucose Exacerbates A-FABP Activation and Inflammatory Response through TLR4-JNK Signaling in THP-1 Cells

Figure 1

Constant high glucose, intermittent high glucose, and LPS individually induced a robust increase in the expression of TLR4 in THP-1 cells. (a) The mRNA levels of TLR4 were examined 24 h after the treatment of THP-1 cells. (b) The protein levels of TLR4 were examined 24 h after the treatment of THP-1 cells. NG, normal glucose (5 mM); M25, mannitol (25 mM); M5/25, intermittent mannitol (25–5 mM); HG, constant high glucose (25 mM); N/HG, intermittent glucose (25–5 mM). , , versus ctrl, , , ( for each group).

(a)

(b)