Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals

Table 1

Potential diseases associated with the disruption of tight junction.

Diseases	Reported intestinal symptom	References
Inflammatory bowel disease	Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, chronic inflammation
Crohn’s disease	An abnormal intestinal structure, a leaky small intestine, a high level of intestinal inflammation	[34]
Obesity	The impairment of intestinal barrier function, alteration in microbiome population	[37]
NAFLD	Abnormal morphologies of crypts and villi in duodenal mucosa	[43]
Coeliac disease (autoimmune enteropathy)	Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier (increased gliadin permeation and related immune response)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus	Gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, heightened immune activation