Microbiota Composition and the Integration of Exogenous and Endogenous Signals in Reactive Nasal Inflammation

Figure 1

The regulation of immune responses by microbiota-associated factors. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)⁺ phagocytes, and ROR-γt⁺ ILC are stimulated by commensal bacteria to produce cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators. These responses involve, among other outcomes, the secretion of dimeric IgA, mucus, and antimicrobial peptides and are critically regulated by FoxP3⁺ Treg cells (see text).