High-Density Lipoprotein Reduction Differentially Modulates to Classical and Nonclassical Monocyte Subpopulations in Metabolic Syndrome Patients and in LPS-Stimulated Primary Human Monocytes In Vitro

Figure 3

Serum levels of IL-1β in the study patients according to different metabolic syndrome risk factors. (a) Metabolic syndrome patients displaying central obesity () showed similar IL-1β serum levels than did metabolic syndrome patients that had a normal waist circumference (). (b) The serum levels of IL-1β did not show significant differences in metabolic syndrome patients with elevated blood pressure () as compared to metabolic syndrome patients with normal blood pressure (). (c) Metabolic syndrome patients showing fasting hyperglycemia () exhibited similar IL-1β circulating levels than did metabolic syndrome patients with normal glycemic values (). (d) The serum levels of IL-1β tended to increase in metabolic syndrome patients with hypertriglyceridemia () but did not show significant differences with respect to metabolic syndrome patients showing normal triglyceride values (). (e) In contrast, IL-1β was significantly increased in metabolic syndrome patients with HDL low levels () as compared to metabolic syndrome patients exhibiting normal HDL values (). Data are expressed as . Significant differences were estimated by means of performing the Mann–Whitney test. Differences were considered significant when . Central obesity was diagnosed when women and men had a waist circumference greater than 80 cm and 90 cm, respectively. High blood pressure was diagnosed in women and men with blood pressure values higher than 120/80 mmHg. Hyperglycemia was diagnosed in women and men with fasting blood glucose greater than 100 mg/dL. Hypertriglyceridemia was diagnosed in women and men with triglyceride values higher than 150 mg/dL. Decreased serum values of HDL were established in women and men with HDL serum values lower than 50 mg/dL and 40 mg/dL, respectively.

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