Parenterally Administered Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Formulated with Aluminum Hydroxide or Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants Induces Systemic but Not Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice

<div>Mucosal antibody responses in nasal washes after IM immunization with 0.3 <i>μ</i>g of NoV GII.4 VLPs formulated with Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> or MPLA, or IM or IN immunization with 10 <i>μ</i>g of VLPs alone. End-point titrations of anti-GII.4 IgG (a) and IgA (b) antibodies in nasal washes (NWs) of experimental mice. Control mice received PBS only. Mean titration curves with standard errors of the mean of the experimental groups are shown.</div>

Journal of Immunology Research

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Figure 4: Parenterally Administered Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Formulated with Aluminum Hydroxide or Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants Induces Systemic but Not Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice 

Figure 4 | Parenterally Administered Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Formulated with Aluminum Hydroxide or Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants Induces Systemic but Not Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice 