The Application of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Checkpoint Blockade Cancer Immunotherapy

Figure 2

Chemotherapy and PDT of NCP@pyrolipid potentiate PD-L1 blockade to induce systemic antitumor immunity. Chemotherapy and PDT of NCP@pyrolipid induce ICD and an inflammatory environment at the primary tumor site, leading to the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). TAAs are processed and presented by infiltrated antigen-presenting cells, to elicit the proliferation of tumor-specific effector T cells in lymphoid organs, such as tumor-draining lymph nodes. Combined with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, NCP@pyrolipid chemotherapy/PDT significantly promoted the generation of tumor-specific effector T cells and enhanced their infiltration in both primary and distant tumors, resulting in not only tumor eradication in the primary sites but also a systemic antitumor immune response to reject distant tumors. The figure is adapted from [25] with permission of the copyright holder, Lin et al.