The Application of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Checkpoint Blockade Cancer Immunotherapy

Figure 3

Anti-tumor effect of PLGA-ICG-R837-based PTT plus anti-CTLA-4 therapy. (a) Schematic illustration of PLGA-ICG-R837-based PTT and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy to inhibit tumor growth at distant sites. (b, c) Tumor growth curves of different groups of mice (six mice per group) with s.c. inoculation of secondary 4T1 (b) or CT26 (c) tumors after various treatments to eliminate their primary tumors. (d) In vivo bioluminescence images to track the spread and growth of i.v. injected fLuc-4T1 cancer cells in different groups of mice after the cancer cells after various treatments to eliminate their primary tumors. (e) Morbidity-free survival of different groups of mice with metastatic 4T1 tumors in (d) after various treatments indicated to eliminate their primary tumors (10 mice per group). (f) Morbidity-free survival of different groups of mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors with spontaneous metastases after various treatments indicated to eliminate their primary breast tumors (10 mice per group). PLGA-ICG-R837-based photothermal ablation of the first primary tumors in combination with anti-CTLA4 treatment would be able to induce strong anti-tumor immunological effects to inhibit the growth of tumor cells spreading into other organs. values in (b) and (c) were calculated by Turkey’s post hoc test (, , or ) by comparing other groups with the last group (PLGA-ICG-R837þlaserþanti-CLTA-4). Data are presented as the . The figure is adapted from [28] with permission of the copyright holder, Liu et al.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)