Cutting Edge: Biomarkers for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Table 1

Biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, and severity.

Biomarker		Diagnosis	Prognosis and severity
			Better	Worse
Clinical	Age	—	Young pts	Older pts
	Gender	—	Male	Female
	Duration of CSU	—	Less than 1 yr	Longer than 1 yr
	Angioedema	—	Absent	Present
	NSAID exacerbation	—	Not associated	Associated
Molecular	Anti-IL-24 IgE	Positive association	—	—
	IL-6	—	—	High levels
	IL-6 sR	—	—	High levels
	sgp130	—	—	High levels
	IL-18	—	—	High levels
	MMP-9	—	—	High levels
	CRP	—	—	High levels
	D-dimer	—	—	High levels
	F1+2	—	—	High levels
	Vitamin D	—	—	Low levels
	MPV	—	—	High values
	Basophil count	—	Normal number	Low number
	CD203c-basophils	—	—	Increased

MMP-9: metalloproteinase-9; CRP: C-reactive protein; F1+2: prothrombin fragment 1 + 2.