Immunological Mechanisms in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Tolerance: The Role of Treg Cells

Figure 2

Mechanisms involved in allergic reactions. Sensitization to a specific antigen is a prerequisite for the onset of allergic diseases. Differentiation and expansion to Th2 cell subtypes lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). They drive immunoglobulin E (IgE) class-switch in B cells and the recruitment and activation of proinflammatory cells (i.e., eosinophils and mast cells) in mucosal target organs. These activations contribute to the development of the inflammation and the symptoms of allergic disease.