Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma

Table 1

Summary of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for neuroblastoma patients.

Target	Therapeutic strategy	Reference
GD2	CAR T cells	[24]
GD2	CAR T cells + bevacizumab	[25]
GD2	ScFv CAR T cells	[26]
NY-ESO-1	T cells with high-affinity transgenic T cell receptor specific for NY-ESO-1	[30]
GD2	Anti-GD2 mAb + TCRγδ T cells + zoledronic acid	[36]
Phosphoantigens	Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes + zoledronic acid	[35]
PRAME	PRAME-specific HLA-A2^+ CTLs + NK cells	[40]
ALK	ALK-specific HLA-A2^+ CTLs	[43]
Ligands of NCR	Polyclonal NK cells	[47]
GD2	Anti-GD2 mAb + anti-PD-L1 mAb	[51]
GD2	Anti-GD2 mAb + TGFβR1 inhibitor	[52]
PD-1/PD-L1	Anti-PD-1 mAb + anti-PD-L1 mAb + anti-CD4 mAb	[57]
CD171	CAR T cells	[61]
GPC2	Anti-GPC2 mAb conjugated with drugs	[62]
Unknown	Vaccination with tumor cells infected with IL-12-expressing HSV-1 virus	[63]
Unknown	Vaccination with tumor cells with a knock-down of Id2 gene	[64]
Survivin	Vaccination with Salmonella typhimurium carrying survivin DNA	[65, 66]
Tyrosine hydroxylase	Vaccination with plasmids encoding for human tyrosine hydroxylase	[67]
GD2	Vaccination with DC expressing a CD166 cross-reactive mimotope of GD2	[68]
c-myb	GD2-targeted liposomes encapsulating c-myb-specific CpG-containing ODNs	[71]
c-myb	GD2-targeted liposomes encapsulating c-myb-specific CpG-containing ODNs + anti-IL10R mAb	[72]