Enhancement of the Soluble Form of OX40 and OX40L Costimulatory Molecules but Reduction of the Membrane Form in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Table 1
Clinical features of the study population.
Type 1 diabetes ()
Healthy controls ()
valuea
Age (years)
28.5 (10-53)
29.4 (24-40)
0.75
Gender, female (%)
57 (47.9%)
51 (46.8%)
0.97
Duration (years)
7 (0-39)
—
—
Fasting venous blood glucose (mmol/l)
11.9 (3.99-22.3)
5.2 (3.8-6.4)
0.01
Cr (μmol/l)
54.2 (26-98)
82.3 (44-112)
0.04
BUN (mmol/l)
4.4 (1.4-8.4)
—
—
UA (μmol/l)
275.7 (81-540)
—
—
ALT (IU/l)
18.9 (2-92)
—
—
AST (IU/l)
20.0 (8-62)
—
—
TC (mmol/l)
4.4 (0.8-7.6)
—
—
TG (mmol/l)
1.1 (0.4-5.7)
—
—
LDL (mmol/l)
2.1 (1.1-5.4)
—
—
HDL (mmol/l)
1.4 (0.7-2.4)
—
—
Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)
1.6 (<0.01-35)
—
—
Anti-ICA positive (%)b
11 (27%)
—
—
Anti-GAD positive (%)b
17 (41%)
—
—
Anti-IAA positive (%)b
3 (7%)
—
—
HbA1c (%)
9.12% (5.3-17.1%)
—
—
Ketosis
17 (41%)
—
—
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
1.5 (0-17.2)
—
—
IL-2 (pg/ml)
2.7 (0.4-11.9)
—
—
IL-4 (pg/ml)
2.1 (0-14.1)
—
—
IL-6 (pg/ml)
4.2 (0-15.6)
—
—
IL-10 (pg/ml)
4.7 (0.7-20.4)
—
—
TNF-α (pg/ml)
3.1 (0-17.2)
—
—
IFN-γ (pg/ml)
3.1 (0.4-19.3)
—
—
IL-17a (pg/ml)
26.0 (0-159.9)
—
—
a value is based on the statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney test or the chi-square test assessing overall group differences. bNot all the patients have the antibody results, only 52/119 patients received an autoantibody screening. cAbbreviations: Cr: creatinine; BUN: urea; UA: uric acid; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transferase; TC: cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IAA: insulin autoantibody.
