Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Complexity of Host’s Effective Immune Response against a Polymorphic Parasitic Disease

Table 2

Clinical presentation and delayed-type hypersensibility (DTH) of cutaneous Leishmania species in the world, adapted from [2, 82, 90].

Subgenus	Species	Main clinical presentation	DTH (skin test)
Leishmania	L. major	Localized	—
	L. tropica	Localized	DTH +
	L. aethiopica	Localized	—
	L. mexicana	Localized; Borderline disseminated; Anergic diffuse	DTH +; DTH –; DTH –
	L. amazonensis	Localized; Borderline disseminated; Anergic diffuse	DTH –; DTH –; DTH –
Viannia	L. panamensis	Localized LC; Borderline disseminated; Mucocutaneous	DTH +; DTH –; DTH ++++
	L. braziliensis	Localized; Borderline disseminated; Mucocutaneous	DTH +; DTH –; DTH ++++
	L. peruviana	One or few lesions	—
	L. venezuelensis	Single and multiple skin lesions; Disseminated nodules (confused with diffuse)	—; —
	L. pifanoi	Diffuse	—
	L. guyanensis	Single and multiple skin lesions; Rare cases of mucocutaneous	—; —
	L. shawi	Single and multiple skin lesions; Cases of multiple lesions, clearly due to metastases, are occasionally seen	—; —
	L. colombiensis	Single and multiple skin lesions	—
	L. naiffi	Localized	—
	L. lainsoni	Localized	—
	L. lindenbergi	Localized	—
	L. garnhami	Localized	—