The Nod2 Agonist Muramyl Dipeptide Cooperates with the TLR4 Agonist Lipopolysaccharide to Enhance IgG2b Production in Mouse B Cells

Figure 2

Combined effects of LPS and MDP on B cell viability, proliferation, activation, and Ab production. Resting B cells were stimulated with MDP (10 μg/mL) or iE-DAP (10 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of LPS (1 μg/mL). (a) Cell viability was measured by EZ-Cytox assay at the indicated time points (days). Data presented are means of duplicate samples with ranges (bars). (b) After 2 and 3 days of culture, cell proliferation was measured using CFSE assay. (c) After 2 days of culture, B cell activation was determined by surface CD69 expression. (d) After 7 days of culture, supernatants were harvested, and the levels of Ab production were measured using isotype-specific ELISA. Data presented are the from three independent experiments. , , SEM: standard error of the mean; ns: not significant.

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