|
| Presence of olfactory dysfunction () | Absence of olfactory dysfunction () | |
|
| Demographics & lifestyle habits, (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR) |
| Age (years) | 76 (8) | 73 (7) | <.001 |
| Sex (female) | 315 (53) | 262 (59) | .088 |
| Education (years) | 5 (3) | 6 (3) | .003 |
| Living alone | 241 (41) | 164 (37) | .199 |
| Smoking (former and current) | 253 (43) | 170 (38) | .142 |
| Dietary intake |
| Alcohol (g/day/kg) | 0.11 (0–0.29) | 0.10 (0–0.31) | .594 |
| Total protein intake (g/day/kg) | 1.12 (0.33) | 1.13 (0.31) | .657 |
| Total lipid intake (g/day/kg) | 0.96 (0.31) | 0.98 (0.31) | .310 |
| Available carbohydrate intake (g/day/kg) | 3.73 (1.17) | 3.72 (1.29) | .913 |
| Fibre (g/day/kg) | 0.29 (0.08) | 0.29 (0.08) | .551 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day/kg) | 28.60 (8.25) | 28.71 (8.50) | .829 |
| Comorbid conditions, (%) or median (IQR) |
| Diabetes | 67 (11) | 47 (11) | .764 |
| Heart failure | 39 (7) | 20 (4) | .176 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 52 (9) | 37 (8) | .823 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 15 (2) | 12 (3) | .999 |
| Stroke | 37 (6) | 23 (5) | .503 |
| Hip fracture | 19 (3) | 19 (4) | .406 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 80 (14) | 41 (9) | .032 |
| Malignancy | 28 (5) | 36 (8) | .036 |
| Frailty phenotype | 85 (14) | 26 (6) | <.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-1) | .489 |
| Medications, (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR) |
| Neuroleptics | 18 (3) | 15 (3) | .859 |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 13 (2) | 3 (1) | .072 |
| ACE inhibitors | 92 (16) | 49 (11) | .035 |
| Antiplatelets | 73 (12) | 40 (9) | .088 |
| Anticoagulants | 8 (1) | 5 (1) | .787 |
| Benzodiazepines | 112 (19) | 61 (14) | .029 |
| Loop diuretics | 53 (9) | 32 (7) | .306 |
| Corticosteroids | 8 (1) | 10 (2) | .339 |
| Biohumoral, physical, and cognitive parameters, (%) or |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 62.6 (19.3) | 68.1 (19.2) | <.001 |
| Total serum proteins (g/dL) | 7.2 (0.4) | 7.1 (0.5) | .308 |
| Interleukin 6 (pg/mL) | 1.49 (0.84-2.32) | 1.44 (0.88-2.27) | .582 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 (1.4) | 13.8 (1.4) | .112 |
| CES-D | 13 (9) | 12 (8) | .035 |
| Mini Mental State Examination | 24.3 (4.3) | 24.7 (5.5) | .160 |
| Katz’s activities of daily living | 5 (1) | 4 (2) | .107 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3 (4.0) | 27.6 (4.2) | .183 |
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