The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction, Frailty, and Mortality Is Mediated by Inflammation: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

Table 4

Association (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) of frailty with the variables of interest, including olfactory dysfunction, according to the logistic regression model. All the covariates were entered simultaneously into the regression model.

	OR	95% CI
Age (each year)	1.15	1.09-1.21	<.001
Sex (female)	.92	.52-1.64	.778
Education (years)	.95	.86-1.05	.306
Malignancy	1.72	.65-4.57	.279
Peripheral arterial disease	2.46	1.29-4.69	.006
ACE inhibitors	1.65	.87-3.12	.122
Benzodiazepines	1.15	.63-2.10	.653
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)	1.02	1.01-1.04	.018
CES-D	1.11	1.07-1.14	.000
Olfactory dysfunction	1.94	1.07-3.51	.028