Functions of Exosomes in the Triangular Relationship between the Tumor, Inflammation, and Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment

Table 3

Exosomes and immunotherapy.

Tumor type	Exosome contents	Exosome origin	Effector cells	Active components
OSCC	miR-21	Tumor	MDSCs	PTEN/PD-L1
CLL	Y RNA hY4	Tumor	Monocytes	TLR7/CCL2, CCL4, IL-6
HNSCC	PD-L1(+)	Tumor	CD8^+ T cells	CD69
HCC	PD-1 antibody	Tumor	DCs	PD-1^+ CD8^+ T cells
	miR-138	γδ T cell	CD8^+ T cells	PD-1, CTLA-4
	14-3-3ζ	Tumor	TILs	Cell proliferation
	/	DCs	Naive T cells, CTLs	Cell proliferation
Glioblastoma melanoma	/	NK cells	Tumor cells	TNF-α, granzyme B
Neuroblastoma	miR-186	NK cells	Tumor cells	MYCN, TGFBR1

Tumor-type abbreviations: OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia. “/” means “not mentioned”.