|
| CARs/generations | Construction of specific T cells or Tregs | Disease model | Specific autoantigen | Outcome | Reference |
|
| Dsg3 CAAR-T cells/2nd | Human T cells were engineered to express a CAAR that consisted of the PV autoantigen, Dsg3, fused to CD137-CD3ζ signaling domains | PV | Dsg3 | Effective for PV relief, obviously decreased Dsg3 serum autoantibody titers | Ellebrecht et al. [42] |
| CD19-targeted CAR-T cells/2nd | CD8+ T cells were modified to express CD19-targeted CARs with CD28-CD3ζ signaling domains | Lupus | CD19 | Eliminated autoantibody production, reversed disease phenotype, and prolonged survival time | Kansal and Richardson [45] |
| 287-CAR-T cells/2nd or 3rd | CD8+ T cells were modified to express monoclonal antibody 287 CARs (287-CARs) harboring CD28-CD3ζ or CD28-CD137-CD3ζ signaling domains | T1D | I-Ag7-B:9-23 (R3) complex | Delayed but did not prevent the onset of T1D | Zhang et al. [49] |
| Insulin-specific CAR-Tregs/2nd | CD4+ T cells were transduced with retroviral particles encoding the CAR plasmid including Foxp3 to convert CD4+ T cells into Tregs | T1D | Insulin | Failed to prevent spontaneous diabetes | Tenspolde et al. [54] |
| MOG CAR-Tregs/2nd | CD4+ T cells transduced to Tregs expressing CARs with MOG, the FoxP3 gene, and CD28-CD3ζ signaling domains | MS | MOG | Inhibited EAE demonstrated as reduced cytokine expression and diminished disease symptoms | Fransson et al. [55] |
| TNP-TPCR Tregs | TNP-TPCR Tregs were isolated from transgenic mice expressing the TNP-specific chimeric receptor under the CD2 promoter | Colitis | TNP | Alleviated acute TNBS colitis | Elinav et al. [56] |
| CEA-specific CAR-Tregs/2nd | CD4+CD25+ Tregs were transduced with the CEA-specific SCA431 CAR that was fused to CD28-CD3ζ signaling domains | Colitis and colorectal cancer | CEA | Ameliorated colitis and prevented development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer | Blat et al. [57] |
|
