Research Article
Preoperative Risk Assessment of Lymph Node Metastasis in cT1 Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study from Eastern China
Table 1
Characteristics of patients in the development group.
| | Patients with negative LNs (%) | Patients with positive N1 nodes (%) | Patients with positive N2 nodes (%) | value |
| | Age (year) | | | | 0.742 | | Gender | | | | | | Male | 346 (85.4) | 21 (5.2) | 38 (9.4) | 0.011 | | Female | 478 (92.1) | 9 (1.7) | 32 (6.2) | | | Symptoms | | | | | | RCE | 456 (91.9) | 8 (1.6) | 32 (6.5) | 0.010 | | RCRS | 256 (85.6) | 16 (5.4) | 27 (9.0) | | | ICD | 112 (86.8) | 6 (4.7) | 11 (8.5) | | | Asymptomatic | 568 (90.9) | 14 (2.2) | 43 (6.9) | 0.008 | | Symptomatic | 256 (85.6) | 16 (5.4) | 27 (9.0) | | | Cancer history | | | | | | Yes | 58 (85.3) | 4 (5.9) | 6 (8.8) | 0.454 | | No | 766 (89.5) | 26 (3.0) | 64 (7.5) | | | Family history of cancer | | | | | | Yes | 122 (91.0) | 1 (0.8) | 11 (8.2) | 0.169 | | No | 702 (88.9) | 29 (3.7) | 59 (7.4) | | | Pathology | | | | | | Adenocarcinoma | 760 (91.2) | 16 (1.9) | 57 (6.9) | <0.001 | | Squamous | 52 (75.4) | 10 (14.5) | 7 (10.1) | | | Adenosquamous | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (50.0) | | | Neuroendocrine | 8 (66.7) | 3 (25.0) | 1 (8.3) | | | Other tumor type | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | | | Smoking history | | | | | | Yes | 220 (85.3) | 17 (6.6) | 21 (8.1) | 0.001 | | No | 604 (90.7) | 13 (2.0) | 49 (7.3) | | | Location | | | | | | Upper lobe | 445 (90.1) | 14 (2.8) | 35 (7.1) | 0.670 | | Lower lobe | 270 (88.8) | 9 (3.0) | 25 (8.2) | | | Middle lobe | 109 (86.5) | 7 (5.6) | 10 (7.9) | | | Central | 316 (86.6) | 18 (4.9) | 31 (8.5) | 0.042 | | Peripheral | 508 (90.9) | 12 (2.1) | 39 (7.0) | | | Nodule size on CT | | | | | | Tumor size (cm) | | | | <0.001 | | Consolidation size (cm) | | | | <0.001 | | C/T ratio | | | | <0.001 | | Chronic pulmonary disease | | | | | | Yes | 68 (78.2) | 8 (9.2) | 11 (12.6) | 0.001 | | No | 756 (90.3) | 22 (2.6) | 59 (7.1) | | | Clinical nodal stage on CT | | | | | | Enlarged LNs in N2 station | 72 (64.3) | 7 (6.3) | 33 (29.4) | <0.001 | | Enlarged LNs in N1 station | 10 (38.5) | 6 (23.0) | 10 (38.5) | | | Normal-sized LNs | 742 (94.4) | 17 (2.2) | 27 (3.4) | | | Levels of tumor markers | | | | | | CEA (ng/ml) | | | | <0.001 | | AFP (ng/ml) | | | | 0.542 | | CA199 (U/ml) | | | | 0.013 | | CA125 (U/ml) | | | | 0.093 | | CA242 (U/ml) | | | | 0.996 | | CA211 (ng/ml) | | | | 0.006 | | NSE (ng/ml) | | | | 0.793 | | SCC (ng/ml) | | | | 0.143 |
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RCE: routine chest examination; RCRS: respiratory- or cancer-related symptoms; ICD: incidental chest discovery; C/T ratio: consolidation size/tumor size ratio. value acquired from one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s chi-square tests. |
