Sm16, A Schistosoma mansoni Immunomodulatory Protein, Fails to Elicit a Protective Immune Response and Does Not Have an Essential Role in Parasite Survival in the Definitive Host

Figure 3

Immunophenotyping of blood cells from rSm16-immunized mice. Blood samples were obtained from 12 mice for each group to determine the frequency of total and memory B cells and total and effector T CD4⁺ cells. Data analysis was carried out as demonstrated in (a). Within the singlet cells/lymphocyte population, CD3^-CD19⁺ B cells were selected and the percentage of total B cells was evaluated. Within the population of CD3^-CD19⁺ double-positive cells, the percentage of CD19⁺CD27⁺ (memory B cells) was determined. Within the singlet cell/lymphocyte population, total T CD4⁺ were assessed and the frequencies were defined. Within that population, the percentage CD4⁺CD44⁺ representing CD4⁺ T effector cells was determined. Data represents percentage of CD3^-CD19⁺ B Cells (b), CD4⁺ T cells (c), CD19⁺CD27⁺ memory B cells (d), and CD4⁺CD44⁺ effector T cells (e) in mice immunized with Freund’s adjuvant only (closed circles), rSm16/Freund’s (black circles), alum only (open squares), and rSm16/alum (black squares). is presented in each graph. Significant differences which were observed using one-way ANOVA (c–e) or Kruskal-Wallis tests (b) followed by Holm-Sidak’s (c–e) or Dunn’s (b) multiple comparison tests, using a correction for multiple comparison analysis, are shown in the figures.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)